Category
Economics terms
Economics looks at how people, businesses and governments use limited resources. These terms explain the forces behind prices, interest rates, jobs and growth that shape every business. 1,028 Economics terms are explained below, each with real-world examples.
- Abatement Cost
- Abenomics
- Acceleration Principle
- Acceleratortheory
- Accommodative Monetary Policy
- ACCRA Cost of Living Index COLI
- Adjustable Peg
- Advanced Economies
- Affluenza
- African Development Bank
- Aggregate Hours
- Alaska Permanent Fund
- Alfred Nobel
- All-Pay Auction
- Allocational Efficiency
- Allocative Efficiency
- Amakudari
- American Dream
- Anarchy
- Anatolian Tigers
- Anchoring
- Anchoring and Adjustment
- Andrei Shleifer
- Animal Spirits
- Anomaly
- Anti-Dumping Duty
- Anti-Fragility
- Applied Economics
- Appropriation
- Arab League
- Arab Monetary Fund
- Arc Elasticity
- Arrow's Impossibility Theorem
- ASEAN
- Asian Century
- Asian Development Bank
- Asian Financial Crisis
- Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
- ATA Carnet
- Australian Bureau of Statistics
- Austrian School
- Autarky
- Automatic Stabilizer
- Autonomous Expenditure
- Autonomous Investment
- Average Cost Pricing Rule
- Average Industrial Wage
- Average Propensity to Save
- Baby Boom Age Wave
- Baby Boomer
- Backward Induction
- Balanced Trade
- Balassa-Samuelson Effect
- Bamboo Network
- Bandwagon Effect
- Barometer
- Barriers to Exit
- Barter
- Basic Balance
- Basic Income
- Basing Point
- Basket of Goods
- BEA
- Beggar-Thy-Neighbor
- Behavioral Economics
- Behavioral Modeling
- Behavioralist
- Below Full Employment Equilibrium
- Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
- Bernoulli's Hypothesis
- Bicameral System
- Biflation
- Big Mac PPP
- Bilateral Monopoly
- Bilateral Trade
- Bimetallic Standard
- Bioeconomics
- Birth-Death Ratio
- Black Economy
- Black Market
- Black Monday
- Black Money
- Black Thursday
- Black Tuesday
- Black Wednesday
- Blacklist
- Block Grant
- Blocked Currency
- BLS
- Boom
- Boom and Bust Cycle
- Boomer Effect
- Boomerangs
- Boomernomics
- Brain Drain
- Bretton Woods Agreement
- Brexit
- BRICS
- Broad Money
- Bubble
- Bubble Theory
- Bugsindex
- Buoyant
- Burgernomics
- Business Cycle Indicators (BCI)
- Business Inventories
- Bust
- CAF
- CAFTA-DR
- Calexit
- Capital Accumulation
- Capital Blockade
- Capital Conrol
- Capital Consumption Allowance (CCA)
- Capital Control
- Capital Decay
- Capital Flows
- Capital Goods
- Capital Goods Sector
- Capital Outflow
- Carbon Trade
- Cardboardboxindex
- Caribbean Community and Common Market Caricom
- Caribbean Development Bank Cdb
- Caribbean Single Market and Economy Csme
- Cartel
- Cash for Clunkers
- Catch-Up Effect
- CCI
- Ceiling
- Celtictiger
- Centipede Game
- Centrally Planned Economy
- Ceteris Paribus
- CGE
- CGPI
- Chain-Linked CPI
- Change in Demand
- Change in Supply
- Chaostheory
- Chartalism
- Cheap Money
- Checks and Balances
- Chicago School
- Chicken Tax
- Choke Price
- Circular Flow of Income
- Civilian Labor Force
- Classical Economics
- Classical Growth Theory
- Clean Float
- Clintonomics
- Cliometrics
- Closed Economy
- Clunker
- CNN Effect
- Coincident Indicator
- Collaborative Consumption
- Command Economy
- Commercial Policy
- Common Pool
- Common Pool Resource
- Communism
- Community Currencies
- Competitive Devaluation
- Competitive Equilibrium
- Complement
- Concentration Ratio
- Conditionality
- Confederate Dollar
- Conferenceboard
- Conflict Theory
- Conspicuous Consumption
- Constant Dollar
- Constitutional Economics
- Construction Spending
- Consumer Sentiment
- Consumer Theory
- Consumerism
- Consumption Function
- Consumption Smoothing
- Contestable Market
- Continentals
- Continuing Claims
- Contract Theory
- Contractionary Policy
- Core Durable Goods Orders
- Core Retail Sales
- Corporate Profit
- Council Economic Advisors
- Cournot Competition
- CPI W
- Cpiu
- Crackup Boom
- Crawling Peg
- Credence Good
- Credit Crisis
- Credit Money
- Credit Tranche
- Creditor Nation
- Cross Elasticity Demand
- Crowding Out Effect
- Crude Stockpiles
- Currency
- Currency Band
- Currency Convertibility
- Currency Internationalization
- Currency Substitution
- Currency Union
- Current Account Surplus
- Current Transfers
- Customs Barrier
- Cyclical Unemployment
- Davos World Economic Forum
- Deadweight Loss
- Dear Money
- Debasement
- Debt Ceiling
- Debt-to-GDP Ratio
- Debtdeflation
- Debtgdpratio
- Debtor Nation
- Declining Industry
- Deficit
- Deficit Spending
- Deficitspendingunit
- Deflationary Spiral
- Demand Curve
- Demand Elasticity/Elasticity of Demand
- Demand for Labor
- Demand Schedule
- Demand Shock
- Demand Theory
- Demographic Dividend
- Demonetization
- Denationalization
- Department of Commerce
- Dependency Ratio
- Deposit Multiplier
- Deprivatization
- Deregulate
- Deregulation
- Destructive Creation
- Developed Economy
- Development Economics
- Diners Dilemma
- Dirty Float
- Discriminating Monopoly
- Disequilibrium
- Disguised Unemployment
- Disinvestment
- Dismalscience
- Dissaving
- Doctor Copper
- Dollar Auction
- Dollardrain
- Dotcom Bubble
- Double-Dip Recession
- Douglass C North
- Dove
- Driver
- Dual Exchange Rate
- Duopoly
- Durable Goods Orders
- Durables
- Durbin-Watson Statistic
- Dutch Disease
- Easy Money
- ECI
- Eclecticparadigm
- Econometrician
- Economic Blight
- Economic Calendar
- Economic Collapse
- Economic Conditions
- Economic Efficiency
- Economic Equilibrium
- Economic Growth Rate
- Economic Integration
- Economic Justice
- Economic Man
- Economic Network
- Economic Rent
- Economic Shock
- Economic Stimulus
- Economic Value
- Economicrefugee
- Economictsunami
- Economist
- Economist Intelligence Unit
- Economy
- Efficiency
- Efficiencyprinciple
- EGP
- Elastic
- Elasticity
- Embargo
- Emerging Market Economy
- Emigration
- Empirical Probability
- Employment-to-Population Ratio
- EMS
- EMU
- Endogenous Growth Theory
- Endogenous Variable
- Energy Information Admin
- Energy Return on Investment (EROI)
- Engel's Law
- Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
- Enterprise Zone
- Entrepot
- Environmental Economics
- Environmental Tariff
- Equalization Payments
- Equilibrium
- Equilibrium Quantity
- Equity-Efficiency Tradeoff
- Error Term
- ESSF
- Eurasian Economic Union (EEU)
- Euro
- European Community
- European Currency Unit
- European Customs Union
- European Economic Area EEA Agreement
- European Financial Stability Facility
- European Sovereign Debt Crisis
- Europeanunion
- Eurosclerosis
- Eurozone
- Evolutionary Economics
- Excess Capacity
- Excess Crude Account
- Exchange Control
- Exchange Rate Mechanism
- Exchangestabilizationfund
- Existing Home Sales
- Exogenous Growth
- Expansionary Policy
- Expectationsindex
- Experimental Economics
- Export
- Export Incentives
- External Debt
- Externaleconomiesofscale
- Externality of Production
- Factor Income
- Factor Market
- Factors Production
- Fed Speak
- Federal Budget
- Federal Reserve Act of 1913
- Federal State Unemployment Compensation
- Federal Trade Readjustment Allowance
- Fiat Money
- Financial Accelerator
- Financial Account
- Financial Crisis
- Financial Economics
- Financial Hub
- Financial Repression
- Financial Sector
- Financial Stability Plan Fsp
- Financial System
- Financialization
- First World
- Fiscal Deficit
- Fiscal Drag
- Fiscal Multiplier
- Fiscal Neutrality
- Fiscalcapacity
- Fiscalcliff
- Fiscalimbalance
- Fisher Effect
- Fixed-Rule Policy
- FJD
- Flash Manufacturing PMI
- Flash Services PMI
- Flight to Liquidity
- Flow of Funds
- Flow of Funds (FOF)
- Food Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- Foreign Aid
- Foreign Debt
- Foreign Exchange Intervention
- Four Asian Tigers
- Fourth World
- Franc F
- Franchised Monopoly
- Frederic Bastiat
- Free Enterprise
- Free Lunch
- Free Trade Area
- Freelance Economy
- Freeriding
- Frictional Unemployment
- Frictionless Market
- Friedrich Engels
- Functional Finance
- Fungibles
- G-20
- G-24
- G5
- G7
- G8
- GDP Gap
- GDP Price Deflator
- General Equilibrium Theory
- Geographical Labor Mobility
- GFSR
- Gibson's Paradox
- Giffen Good
- Gig Economy
- Gini Index
- Global Recession
- GMD
- GNF
- GNH
- Gold Standard
- Golden Rule of Government Spending
- Goldilocks Economy
- Goods
- Government Purchases
- GPI
- Grant in Aid
- Great Depression
- Great Leap Forward
- Great Moderation
- Great Recession
- Great Society
- Greek Drachma
- Green Book
- Green Economics
- Green Shoots
- Greenback
- Gresham's Law
- Grexit
- Gridlock
- Gross Domestic Income
- Gross National Product
- Gross National Product (GNP) Deflator
- Gross Value Added (GVA)
- Group of 3
- Group of 11 G11
- Group of 77
- Growth Accounting
- Growth Recession
- Growthacctg
- GTQ
- Gunsandbutter
- Happiness Economics
- Hard Currency
- Hard Landing
- Hard Money
- Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP)
- Hawk
- Heckscher-Ohlin Model
- Helicopter Drop
- Helicopter Drop (Helicopter Money)
- Helicopter Money
- Helpwantedindex
- Henry Paulson
- Heterodox Economics
- Heteroskedasticity
- HHI
- Historical Currency Exchange Rates
- Hoarding
- Hodrick-Prescott Filter
- Hollowing Out
- Home Market Effect
- Homo Economicus
- Homoskedasticity
- Hong Kong SAR China
- Hotelling's Theory
- House Money Effect
- House Price Index (HPI)
- Housing Market Index
- Hubbert Curve
- Hubbert Peak Theory
- HUF
- Human Development Index
- Hyperbolic Absolute Risk Aversion
- Hyperdeflation
- Hysteresis
- Icelandic Krona (ISK)
- IEP Irish Punt
- Ifo
- ifo Business Climate Survey
- Imperfect Market
- Implementation Lag
- Import
- Import and Export Price Indexes
- Import and Export Prices
- Import Substitution Industrialization
- Income Effect
- Income Elasticity of Demand
- Income Per Capita
- Income Share
- Indentured Servitude
- Index of Economic Freedom
- Indian Rupee
- Indifference Curve
- Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ)
- Induced Taxes
- Industrial Goods Sector
- Industrial Organization
- Industrial Revolution
- Industrialization
- Industry Life Cycle
- Inelastic
- Infant-Industry Theory
- Inflation Targeting
- Inflationary Gap
- Inflationarypsychology
- Initialclaims
- Input-Output Analysis
- Institute for Supply Management
- Intermediate Good
- Intermediate Targets
- International Commerce
- International Currency Exchange Rate
- International Energy Agency
- International Finance
- International Fisher Effect
- International Labour Organization
- International Poverty Line
- Intertemporal Choice
- Intertemporal Equilibrium
- Investment Climate
- Invisible Hand
- Invisible Trade
- Inward Investment
- IPI
- IS-LM Model
- ISM Mfg
- ISM Nonmfg
- ISO Currency Code
- Isoquant Curve
- Italexit Italeave
- Iterated Prisoners Dilemma
- Ithaca Hours
- Jackson Hole Symposium
- James M Buchanan Jr
- Jan Tinbergen
- Jean Baptiste Say
- Job Market
- Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
- Jobless Recovery
- Jobs Growth
- John B Taylor
- John R Hicks
- John Stuart Mill
- Joint Supply
- K Percent Rule
- Key Currency
- KOF Economic Barometer
- Kondratieff Wave
- Kondratiev
- Kyoto
- L Shaped Recession
- L-Shaped Recovery
- Labor Theory of Value
- Laffercurve
- Laissezfaire
- Lameduck
- Landlocked
- Law Diminishing Marginal Productivity
- Law of Demand
- Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns
- Law of Supply Demand
- Law One Price
- Lawfulmoney
- Lawofdiminishingmarginalreturn
- Lawofdiminishingutility
- LDC
- Leakage
- Legalmonopoly
- Lemon
- Lemons Problem
- Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
- Life Cycle Hypothesis
- Limited Government
- Lindahl Equilibrium
- Linden Dollar
- Linder Hypothesis
- Linkage
- Linked Exchangerate System
- Liquidity Trap
- Liquiditypreference
- Loansharking
- Lockdown
- Longrun
- Loonie
- Lost Decade
- Low-Cost Producer
- Low-Interest-Rate Environment
- LRATC
- Ludwig Von Mises
- Lump of Labour Fallacy
- Luxury Item
- Maastricht Treaty
- Macau SAR China
- Macro Accounting
- Macroeconomic Factor
- Macromarketing
- Mainstream Economics
- Managed Currency
- Managerial Accounting
- Maquiladora
- Marginal Cost of Production
- Marginal Land
- Marginal Propensity Import Mpm
- Marginal Propensity Invest
- Marginal Propensity to Import
- Marginal Propensity to Invest
- Marginal Rate of Substitution
- Marginal Rate Technical Substitution
- Marginal Rate Transformation
- Marginal Revenue Product
- Marginal Social Cost
- Marginal Utility
- Marginalism
- Market
- Market Basket
- Market Capitalization-to-GDP Ratio
- Market Distortion
- Market Economy
- Marketcapgdp
- Martial Law
- Marxian Economics
- Marxism
- Matching Pennies
- Mathematical Economics
- Mature Economy
- Mature Industry
- Maurice Allais
- Maximum Wage
- McCallum Rule
- Mechanism Design Theory
- Medium of Exchange
- Mercantilism
- Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
- Microeconomic Pricing Model
- Microeconomics
- Middle Class
- Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
- Middle-Income Countries
- Minimum Efficiency Scale
- Minsky Moment
- Mint
- Mixed Economic System
- MMK
- Monetarism
- Monetarist
- Monetaristtheory
- Monetary Conditions Index (MCI)
- Monetary Theory
- Money Illusion
- Money Zero Maturity (MZM)
- Monopolist
- Monopolisticmarket
- Monopolymarket
- Mont Pelerin Society
- Most Favoured Nation (MFN)
- Mostfavorednation
- Motor Vehicle Sales
- Muhammad Yunus
- Multi Fiber Arrangement
- Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA)
- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
- Multiple-Column Tariff
- Multiplier
- MUR
- Murray N Rothbard
- NAB Business Confidence
- Narrowmoney
- Nash Equilibrium
- National Currency
- National Diamond
- National Income Accounting
- Nationalsavingsrate
- Nationaltreatment
- Natural Law
- Natural Monopoly
- Natural Selection
- NBER
- Negative Feedback
- Negative Income Tax
- Negative Interest Rate
- Negative Interest Rate Environment
- Neoclassical
- Neoclassical Growth Theory
- Neoliberalism
- Net Borrower
- Net Domestic Product (NDP)
- Net Foreign Assets Nfa
- Net Foreign Factor Income Nffi
- Net International Investment Position (NIIP)
- Net National Product
- Netdebtpercapita
- Netexporter
- Netexports
- Netimporter
- Netinvestment
- Neuroeconomics
- Neutrality of Money
- New Deal
- New Growth Theory
- New Keynesian Economics
- Neweconomy
- Newly Industrialized Country (NIC)
- Next Eleven
- Night Cycle
- Nixon Shock
- Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
- NOK
- Nominal
- Nominalism
- Non-Renewable Resource
- Nonconvertible Currency
- Nonfarmpayroll
- Nonstandard Monetary Policy
- Nordic Model
- Normal Good
- Normativeeconomics
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- Numeraire
- Nyempirestateindex
- OAPEC
- Obamanomics
- Occupational Labor Mobility
- Occupational Mobility
- Odious Debt
- OECD
- Official Settlement Account
- Offshore
- Okun's Law
- Oldeconomy
- Oligopsony
- One Belt One Road Obor
- One Child Policy
- Open Market
- Open Market Rate
- Openmarkettransaction
- Optimal Currency Area
- Organisation Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
- Organizational Economics
- Organized Labor
- Output Gap
- Outward Direct Investment
- Overheated Economy
- Overshooting
- Pacific Rim
- Paper Money
- Paradox of Thrift
- Pareto Efficiency
- Paretoimprovement
- Parisclub
- Parity Price
- Participation Rate
- Peace Dividend
- Peak Globalization
- Peak Oil
- Peak Stuff
- Peertopeer P2P Economy
- Pegging
- Per Capita GDP
- Percapita
- Permanent Income Hypothesis
- Permanent Open Market Operations
- Personal Income Outlays
- Personalincome
- Petrodollars
- Philadelphia Fed Survey
- Philadelphiafederalindex
- Pigou Effect
- PIIGS
- Plaza Accord
- Plunge Protection Team
- Plutocracy
- Plutonomy
- Policy Mix
- Political Economy
- Pork Barrel Politics
- Porter Diamond
- Positive Economics
- Positive Feedback
- Poverty Gap
- Poverty Trap
- Predatorydumping
- Preferred Habitat Theory
- Presentsituationindex
- Price Efficiency
- Price Inflation
- Price Level
- Price Scissors
- Price-Level Targeting
- Priceelasticity
- Prisoners Dilemma
- Private Currency
- Private Finance Initiative (PFI)
- Private Good
- Privatizing Profits and Socializing Losses
- Procyclicality
- Producer Surplus
- Production Efficiency
- Production Gap
- Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)
- Productivity and Costs
- Property Rights
- Public Sector Net Borrowing
- Pump Priming
- Pundit
- Purchasingpower
- QAE
- QHEE
- Quality of Life
- Quantitative Easing 2 Qe2
- Quantity Theory of Money
- Quantitysupplied
- Quid
- Quota
- Race Bottom
- Ratchet Effect
- Rate of Return Regulation
- Rational Behavior
- Rational Choice Theory
- Rationaltheoryofexpectations
- Rationing
- Reaganomics
- Real Income
- Real Value
- Realeconomicrate
- Recession Resistant
- Recessionary Gap
- Recognition Lag
- Recursive Competitive Equilibrium
- Reference Base Period
- Reflation
- Reflexivity
- Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
- Relativeppp
- Renewable Resource
- Rent Control
- Rent-Seeking
- Repatriable
- Reserve Currency
- Resource Curse
- Response Lag
- Retail Price Index
- Revealed Preference
- Revenue Cap Regulation
- Ricardian Equivalence
- Ricardobarroeffect
- Richard Stone
- Risk-Free Rate Puzzle
- Risklesssociety
- Rival Good
- Robin Hood Effect
- Rotating Credit and Savings Association
- Rubinomics
- Rust Belt
- Sacrifice Ratio
- Safe Asset
- Satisficing
- Savings Rate
- Say's Law
- Scarcity
- SDR
- Sealed-Bid Auction
- Search Theory
- Seasonal Industry
- Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
- Second World
- Secular
- Seigniorage
- Self-Interest
- Service Sector
- SEZ
- Shadow Open Market Committee (SOMC)
- Shale Oil
- Shapley Value
- Shenzhen Sez China
- Shock Therapy
- Short Run
- Shortage
- Shutdown Point
- Silk Road
- Silk Route
- Silver Standard
- Silver Thursday
- Skilled Labor
- Skyscraper Effect
- Sl Crisis
- Sluggisheconomy
- Smithsonian Agreement
- Smokestack Industries
- Social Choice Theory
- Social Impact Bond
- Social Science
- Social Welfare System
- Socialism
- Socionomics
- SOE
- Soft Currency
- Soft Landing
- Solow Residual
- Sour Crude
- Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
- Spillover Effect
- Stability and Growth Pact
- Stabilization Policy
- Stagnation
- Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code
- State General Reserve Fund
- Statutory Debt Limit
- Steady-State Economy
- Stemthetide
- Sterilization
- Sticky Wage Theory
- Stimulus Check
- Stimulus Package
- Stock Market Crash 1929
- Stock Market Crash 1987
- Strategic Petroleum Reserves
- Structural Adjustment
- Structural Change
- Subjective Theory of Value
- Subprime Meltdown
- Substitute
- Substitution Effect
- Sudden Stop
- Sunriseindustry
- Sunspot
- Supply
- Supply Curve
- Supply-Side Economics
- Surplus Spending Unit
- Tankan
- Tanstaafl
- Taper Tantrum
- TARP Bonuses
- Tax Wedge
- Tax Without Representation
- Tax-to-GDP Ratio
- Taylor Rule
- Technical Progress Function
- Technocracy
- Tequila Effect
- Tertiaryindustry
- The Coinage Act of 1972
- Theory of Price
- Third World
- Tiger Cub Economies
- Tigereconomy
- Tightmonetarypolicy
- Time Banking
- Time Preference Theory of Interest
- TINA There No Alternative
- Tit for Tat
- Totalutility
- Trade Act of 1974
- Trade Adjustment Assistance
- Trade Value Added Tiva
- Trade Weighteddollar
- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
- Transfer Payment
- Transpacific Partnership TPP
- Travelers Dilemma
- Treasury Budget
- Treasury International Capital
- Treasury Secretary
- Trickle Down Effect
- Trickledowntheory
- Trilateralcommission
- Trilemma
- Trillion Dollar Coin
- Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)
- Truecosteconomics
- Trumpflation
- U-6 Unemployment Rate
- Uncle Sam
- Uncoventional Oil
- Uncoveredinterestrateparity
- Underconsumption
- Underemployment Equilibrium
- Uneconomic Growth
- Unemployment
- Unilateral Transfers
- Unskilled Labor
- Upper Class
- USDA
- Utilitarianism
- Utility
- Value Added
- Value Deflation
- Velocity
- Vladimir Lenin
- Voluntary Export Restraint
- Voodooeconomics
- W Shaped Recovery
- Wage-Price Spiral
- Walmart Effect
- Walrasian
- War Economy
- Weak Currency
- Weak Dollar
- Wealth Effect
- Welfare
- Welfare Economics
- Welfare State
- West African CFA Franc XOF
- Winner's Curse
- Working Age Population
- Working Class
- World Bank Group
- World Economic Forum
- World Economic Outlook
- Worldbank
- WPI
- X Efficiency
- Yuppie
- Zero Bound Interest Rate
- ZEW Economic Statement
- Zombies
- 1979 Energy Crisis
- 2011 Debt Ceiling Crisis
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